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John Komnenos Molyvdos
John Komnenos Molyvdos ((ギリシア語:Ιωάννης Κομνηνός Μόλυβδος)), also known by his monastic name Hierotheos (Ιερόθεος), was an Ottoman Greek scholar and physician, who later in life became a monk and Eastern Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Side and Dristra. He claimed to be a descendant of the Byzantine imperial dynasty of the Komnenoi, specifically of the branch that ruled the Empire of Trebizond, and is often regarded as the last member of the family. This claim is most likely a fabrication.
==Origin==
Based on the date of his baptism (26 January 1658), John was born in mid-December 1657 at Heraclea Perinthus. The Romanian scholars Nicolae Iorga and N. Vatamanu considered John to hail from Lesbos, but it is securely attested that John was born in Heraclea; in a work whose edition he supervised, he calls himself "Perinthian" after the city's ancient name.
According to a document he commissioned from the Metropolitan of Heraclea, Neophytus III, in September 1695, John was the son of Alexios Komnenos, surnamed " Molyvdos", who had been consecrated as a priest in 1656. Alexios in turn was the son of Theodore Komnenos, who died in 1637; the document traces the ancestry through four more generations to another Theodore Komnenos, who in 1480 settled with his family at Heraclea. According to the document, this Theodore was the great-grandson of the Emperor of Trebizond Basil Megas Komnenos (reigned 1332–1340).
The accuracy and validity of the document have been questioned by modern research: not only is there no other source corroborating the establishment of a branch of the Komnenos family at Heraclea, but the document itself contains several errors or spurious assertions. Thus Theodore Komnenos who settled in Heraclea is supposed to have been the grandson of Emperor Basil's son Isaac, whereas the sources only mention two sons of the emperor, John and Alexios, without any indication that there might have been a third one. In addition, two of the metropolitans of Heraclea mentioned in the document in connection with events related to the family are unknown from other sources. It is therefore likely that the document is a forgery commissioned by John to raise his social status. Indeed John is called only "Molyvdos" until the time he went to study in the University of Padua, and only from then on started using the surname "Komnenos". On the other hand, given John's prominent status as a scholar and the publicity of his use of the surname "Komnenos", it is remarkable that no contemporary authority seems to have challenged the document's validity. There remains therefore the possibility that John was indeed a descendant of the Komnenoi, albeit from a matrilineal branch, and that the document was commissioned to solidify his claims to the surname.
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